Certificates Should Not Be Tied With Root Account

1. Create an IAM User for Certificate Management:
   • Navigate to the IAM Dashboard in the AWS Management Console.
   • Click on “Users” in the left-hand menu.
   • Click the “Add user” button.
   • Enter a username and select “Programmatic access” for access type.
   • Click “Next: Permissions” and attach the necessary policies for certificate management (e.g., AWSCertificateManagerFullAccess).
2. Generate and Use Certificates with IAM User:
   • Ensure that any new certificates are generated and managed using the IAM user created specifically for this purpose.
   • Navigate to the AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) in the AWS Management Console.
   • Use the IAM user credentials to request and manage certificates.
3. Review and Remove Root Account Certificates:
   • Navigate to the IAM Dashboard.
   • Click on “Users” and select the root account.
   • Check for any certificates associated with the root account and remove them if found.
4. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for Root Account:
   • Navigate to the IAM Dashboard.
   • Click on “Dashboard” in the left-hand menu.
   • Under “Security Status,” find “Activate MFA on your root account” and follow the steps to enable MFA.
   • This adds an additional layer of security, ensuring that the root account is not used for day-to-day operations, including certificate management.

1. Create an IAM User for Certificate Management:
   • Create a new IAM user specifically for managing certificates.
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   aws iam create-user --user-name CertificateManager
   

2. Attach a Policy to the IAM User:
   • Attach a policy to the IAM user that grants the necessary permissions for managing certificates.
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   aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name CertificateManager --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AWSCertificateManagerFullAccess
   

3. Generate Access Keys for the IAM User:
   • Generate access keys for the IAM user to use for certificate management.
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   aws iam create-access-key --user-name CertificateManager
   

4. Use the IAM User for Certificate Operations:
   • Configure your AWS CLI to use the IAM user’s credentials for certificate operations.
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   aws configure
   # Enter the access key and secret key for the CertificateManager user
   

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AWS (Using Boto3)

1. Install Boto3:
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   pip install boto3
   

2. Create a Python script to check and prevent certificates tied to the root account:
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   import boto3
   
   def check_root_certificates():
       iam_client = boto3.client('iam')
       response = iam_client.list_server_certificates()
       root_account_id = boto3.client('sts').get_caller_identity().get('Account')
   
       for cert in response['ServerCertificateMetadataList']:
           if cert['Arn'].split(':')[4] == root_account_id:
               print(f"Certificate {cert['ServerCertificateName']} is tied to the root account. Please reassign it to a specific IAM user or role.")
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
       check_root_certificates()
   

​

Azure (Using Azure SDK for Python)

1. Install Azure SDK:
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   pip install azure-identity azure-mgmt-keyvault
   

2. Create a Python script to check and prevent certificates tied to the root account:
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   from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
   from azure.mgmt.keyvault import KeyVaultManagementClient
   
   def check_root_certificates(subscription_id):
       credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
       kv_client = KeyVaultManagementClient(credential, subscription_id)
       vaults = kv_client.vaults.list()
   
       for vault in vaults:
           certificates = kv_client.certificates.list(vault.name, vault.resource_group_name)
           for cert in certificates:
               if cert.properties.issuer_name == 'Self':
                   print(f"Certificate {cert.name} in vault {vault.name} is tied to the root account. Please reassign it to a specific user or service principal.")
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
       subscription_id = 'your-subscription-id'
       check_root_certificates(subscription_id)
   

​

GCP (Using Google Cloud Client Libraries)

1. Install Google Cloud Client Libraries:
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   pip install google-cloud-iam
   

2. Create a Python script to check and prevent certificates tied to the root account:
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   from google.cloud import iam_credentials_v1
   from google.oauth2 import service_account
   
   def check_root_certificates():
       credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file('path-to-your-service-account-file.json')
       client = iam_credentials_v1.IAMCredentialsClient(credentials=credentials)
       project_id = 'your-project-id'
       service_accounts = client.list_service_accounts(name=f'projects/{project_id}')
   
       for sa in service_accounts.accounts:
           if sa.email.endswith('iam.gserviceaccount.com'):
               print(f"Service account {sa.email} has certificates tied to it. Please reassign them to a specific user or service account.")
   
   if __name__ == "__main__":
       check_root_certificates()
   

​

Summary

1. Install the necessary SDKs for your cloud provider.
2. Create a Python script to list certificates and check if they are tied to the root account.
3. Print a warning message if any certificates are found to be tied to the root account.
4. Run the script to ensure no certificates are tied to the root account.